At the time of statehood, the early Alabama settlers adopted universal white suffrage. By 1860 blacks (nearly all slaves) comprised 45 percent of the state's 964,201 people. As the state tried to improve institutions and infrastructure for the future, the state debt and state taxes rose. "Caste in Steel: Jim Crow Careers in Birmingham, Alabama. U.S. tornadoes 1950-2017. Tens of thousands of slaves were transported to and sold in the state by slave traders who purchased them in the Upper South. Josiah Gorgas, who came to Alabama from Pennsylvania, was the chief of ordnance for the Confederacy. "James Rapier of Alabama and the Noble Cause of Reconstruction," in Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed. This led to a stranglehold on the state by a white rural minority. [20], One of the first problems of the new state was finance. For the next nine years this was the French seat of government of New France, or La Louisiane (Louisiana). Due to later cessions by the Cherokee, Chickasaw and Choctaw in 1816, they retained only about one-quarter of their former territories in Alabama. To help with the campaign and secure national attention, the Rev. In 1901, Southern Democrats passed a state Constitution that effectively disfranchised most African Americans (who in 1900 comprised more than 45 percent of the state's population), as well as tens of thousands of poor whites. In 1926, Democrat Bibb Graves, a former chapter head, won the governor's office with KKK members' support. Compulsory education was opposed by working-class families who wanted their children to earn money, and who distrusted the schooling the middle class was so insistent upon. The French and the English contested the region, each attempting to forge strong alliances with Indian tribes. ", William Warren Rogers, "The Farmers Alliance in Alabama,". [21], In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act under the leadership of President Andrew Jackson, authorizing federal removal of southeastern tribes to west of the Mississippi River, including the Five Civilized Tribes of Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole (in Florida). By 1874, however, the power of the Republicans was broken, and Democrats regained power in all state offices. 1956 Tornado in Jefferson County The longest track for a single tornado recorded in Alabama is 139.1 miles. Many whites resisted postwar changes, complaining that the Republican governments were notable for legislative extravagance and corruption. The freedmen were enrolled as voters. [citation needed], Overall, during this time the English proved to be the better traders and colonizers. Its constitution provided for equal suffrage for white men, a standard it abandoned in its constitution of 1901, which reduced suffrage of poor whites and most blacks, disenfranchising tens of thousands of voters.

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