Large numbers of women were raped, and even children were not spared the violence. 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973, ENGINEER, Asghar Ali (ed. VARSHNEY, Ashutosh, WILKINSON, Steven, 2004, Varshney - Wilkinson dataset on Hindi - Muslim violence in India, 1950 - 1995, Version 2. What he had in mind were of course the various agitations of those days, mainly the Communist - led guerillas (Graff 1974), but also the linguistic or ethnic claims and, very clearly, the grievances of the religious minorities - whose behavior could threaten "Mother India". It also denounced the RSS and the BJS for their active involvement in the riots. Anti-Pakistan feelings rapidly transformed into anti-Muslim resentment. The large majority of those killed were Muslim (about 80 percent). of India, PHILIPS, C.H., WAINWRIGHT, Mary Doreen, 1970, The Partition of India: Policies and Perspectives, Cambridge: M.I.T. In January 1977, mid - term elections were called by Indira Gandhi , who was apparently unaware of the general discontent. Muslims counter reacted on May 17 by hoisting green flags and removing Shiv Sena’s saffron flags. On February 17, the Bangladeshis were prevented from voting. It's very hard to say exactly how it started or who started it [but] both sides behaved violently. A secular state that would bring people together. 44, n°174: 345 - 368, JAFFRELOT, Christophe, 2003b, India’s Silent Revolution, London : Hurst. It should be noted that contrary to the Western understanding and to what happens in Pakistan, the Indian military forces are absolutely apolitical and non - communal. All of these religious traditions, born on the sacred Indian soil, are considered as a part of the Hindu world. After three relatively peaceful decades, violence erupted in Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) after a Muslim woman, Rameeza Bee, was allegedly raped and her husband, Ahmad Hussain, murdered by policemen on March 24. In the working-class town of Solapur, a VHP procession stopped near a mosque and shouted anti-Muslim slogans such as "Jalado Jalado Pakistan" ("Burn, Burn Pakistan"). Prime Minister Nehru was able, henceforth, to impose his views without encountering any real opposition from either inside or outside the Congress system. Jamshedpur (Bihar) and Rourkela (Orissa) were particularly affected. Several isolated killings occurred up until September 11. Clashes occurred with sadhus (ascetic Hindu men) for a minor reason. It should be noted that the latter had taken to Gandhian attitudes, but this was certainly not the case for the satellites of the Sangh Parivar (the RSS, VHP, and Bajrang Dal) which were obviously looking for fresh opportunities in which to display their Hindu commitments. The violence spread throughout Uttar Pradesh, first to Aligarh and Allahabad, and then to other cities (Delhi, and even Mhow). ***(Engineer, 1982); ***(Ghosh, 1987: 171–174), 1983; February 18: Nellie (Assam) Religious composition of the population in the district (as per the 2001 census): 48% Hindus, 51% Muslims, Chief Minister of Assam: no Chief Minister between March 1982 and 27 February 1983. This was followed by an RSS mass rally held the 27–29 December, and attended by the leader Guru Golwalkar . Muslims held a victory procession, provoking counter-demonstrations by activists from the BJS (Bharatiya Jan Sangh, Indian People’s Alliance) and the ABVP. The Muslim community suffered particularly. Situated beneath these high castes (labeled "twice - born"), we find the Shudras, the main part of the Indian population. Individual victims were killed in the narrow lanes of Hyderabad city. Efforts were made by the government to "appease" both Hindus and Muslims, which brought about disaster. After the difficult year of 1985, Hindu–Muslim communal riots erupted again on 9 July 1986. Quarrels are frequent as they are divided along many rival Oriental Churches. [Computer file]. In September, Meerut felt the repercussions of the Ekatmata Yagna Yatra. These last categories, however, were more than willing to demonstrate their loyalty. Sikhism on the other hand, was born much later in Punjab (in the 15th century), with a first sant, Guru Nanak, who tried to elaborate a kind of syncretism between Hinduism and Islam, centered on a unique God.

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